BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 1,816, November 13, 2020

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has become an important component of Turkish foreign policy. Over the years, Ankara’s support for Baku has grown exponentially. Diplomacy was an element of this support, but more significant was the dispatch of sophisticated weaponry. Greater support for Azerbaijan coincided with Turkey’s more active foreign policy in the Middle East and the Mediterranean, and is now strikingly different from Ankara-Baku relations of the 1990s and even the early 2010s. The reason for Ankara’s assertiveness could be access to energy and trade routes.

BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 1,809, November 10, 2020

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Barack Obama believes he has not yet said his last word in American politics. He may thus view Biden’s victory as an opportunity to revitalize his progressive agenda, on both the domestic and foreign policy fronts. This could have major implications for the Middle East region.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Large Muslim communities have formed in Western countries in recent decades.

The terror attacks in France and Austria over the past few weeks again highlight the debate over the role of a multicultural, liberal, tolerant approach to separate, alienated minority communities, a small number of whose members support or perpetrate terror attacks.